What is a blighted
ovum?
A blighted ovum (also known as
“anembryonic pregnancy”) happens when a fertilized egg attaches itself to the
uterine wall, but the embryo does not develop. Cells develop to form the
pregnancy sac, but not the embryo itself. A blighted ovum occurs within the
first trimester, often before a woman knows she is pregnant. A high level of
chromosome abnormalities usually causes a woman’s body to naturally miscarry.
How incidence of blighted
ovum?
At
the time of conception, the egg (ovum)
which mature sperm
meet. But the fertilized
egg cell can not be fully developed sperm, and
only formed placenta
that contains fluid. The placenta produces the hormone HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) after implantation where
this hormone will signal the ovaries (ovarian) and
the brain as a notification
that already contained the products of conception in the womb.
Therefore, in the case of blighted ovum, HCG can
continue to rise because the placenta
can grow for a short time, despite the absence of an embryo. HCG hormone that
causes the appearance of the symptoms of
pregnancy such as nausea, vomiting, cravings and
causing a pregnancy test becomes positive. Because both pregnancy tests and
lab test packs are
generally measured levels of the
hormone HCG (human
chorionic gonadotropin) which is often
referred to as the pregnancy hormone.
SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
Blighted
ovum often
does not cause signs at all. Symptoms and
signs may include:
1.
Menstrual period late
2.
stomach cramps
3.
Minor vaginal bleeding or
spotting
4.
Positive pregnancy test at the time of
symptoms
5.
Discovered after miscarriage will occur spontaneously where people
complained of bleeding.
6.
Almost the same as a normal pregnancy.
7.
Non-specific symptoms (bleeding spotting sorrel,
abdominal cramps, slow increase in size
of the uterus).
8.
Accidentally discovered by ultrasound
DIAGNOSIS
1. Anamnesia (signs of pregnancy)
2.
Physical examination
3. Investigations USG (definitive
diagnosis)
Embryonic pregnancy diagnosis can be done during pregnancy entered the age of 6-7 weeks. For the moment the pregnancy sac diameter greater than 16 millimeters so that it can be seen more clearly. From there also appears, the sac that is empty and does not contain the fetus. Anembriogenik pregnancy diagnosis can be made when the gestational sac diameter at least 30 mm. not found the structure of the embryo and yolk sac.
Factors Causing Blighted Ovum
To
date, of
the research journal literature
not found the exact cause of blighted ovum. Among
the causes are varied,
namely:
1. The biggest cause, almost 60%
due to chromosomal abnormalities in the process of fertilization
2.
Presence of rubella infection, TORCH
infections, pain diabetes
(Diabetes Mellitus) Uncontrolled.
3.
Immunological factors such as the presence
of antibodies to the fetus.
4.
ACA (anticardiopilin)
the formation of clotting
factors that clog blood vessels, which is directed to the fetus so that fetal
growth stalled.
5.
Abnormal cell division
How Prevention of blighted
ovum?
Blighted
ovum can
not be known in the early days of
the womb, because there must be early detection in advance that can only be done when
the fetus has reached the age of 6-7 weeks by
transvaginal ultrasound examination, because at
that time the pregnancy is greater
diameter of 16
mm so can be
seen more clearly. Therefore blighted ovum symptoms are
not specific, it is usually only
discovered after miscarriage will occur
spontaneously where people complained of bleeding. Genesis blighted ovum often
not repeated. To prevent blighted ovum, it can be done a few precautions such as checking TORCH, rubella immunization for women who want to become pregnant, if the disease be cured
first, controlled their blood sugar, checks chromosomes especially when the age of 35 years, to
stop smoking in order to quality
sperm / ovum
good, antenatal routine
and get used to a
healthy lifestyle.
What to do in case of
blighted ovum?
Discuss with your doctor,
where the right solution when the diagnosis of blighted
ovum has been enforced. In patients treated by
administration of misoprostol preparations,
after dilatation of
the cervix then performed kuretase.Namun
blighted ovum can be resolved in accordance with the cause after the obtained results
of the analysis of curettage.
If due to an
infection, it can diobatai
to prevent recurrent events, however rare,
but can still be pursued.
If due to antibodies,
it can be done immunotherapy program.
